Dr. Ambekar’s Preamble and some parts his speech regarding this the Indian Constitution
Preamble of Constitution
We, the People of India, having solemnly resolved to
constitute India Into a Sovereign Democratic Republic and to secure all its
citizens:
Justice, Social, Economic
and Political; Liberty of thoughts, expression. Belief, faith and worship; Equality
of status and of opportunity; and to promote among all Fraternity assuring the
dignity of Individual and unity of Nation;
In our Constituent Assembly this twenty-sixth day of November
1949, DO HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE OURSELVES THIS CONSITUTION.
This version has been changed in 1976 by adding four words in
Preamble. It includes the concept of Secular, Socialist and integrity or
preposition ‘of ‘. Now, Our Preamble is of eighty five words. In 1950, it was
of eighty one words.
From: Yogesh Gogwekar
On 26th January 2021, Republic
of India is going to become 71 years old. It is really a great achievement. At
the time of celebrating 71 years, we must thanks to the leaders of our previous
generations who have extraordinary sacrificed their life to make this nation
out of many nations by giving this wonderful constitution. The Constitution of
India declares India as Sovereign, Democratic Republic and Secular Country
which assures the Justice, equality and liberty to its citizens. It assures us
dignity of the individual and unity of India and also promotes the fraternity.
I have given some part of Dr. Ambekar’s
speech at the time of submitting the Indian Constitution to the Constitution
Assembly.
Draft of Indian
Constitution
Draft Constitution is formidable document which contains 315
articles and 8 schedules. No country will have such bulky as the draft
Constitution. It will be difficult for those who have been through it to
realise its silent and special features.
Form of Government
The head of the Indian Union a functionary is called the
President of the Union. But its functionary is not similar to the functionary
of President of United State of America. Beyond the identity of names there is
nothing common between forms of government prevalent in America and the form of
government under the Indian Constitution because American form of Government is
being called as Presidential system of Government and the form of Government in
India is called Parliamentary system. In India, President occupies the same
position as the king under the English Constitution. He is the Head of the
state but not Executive. He is representing the Nation but never rules the
Nation. He is symbol of Nation and his place in administration is that of
ceremonial device on a seal by which Nation’s decisions are made known. In
America, President is not bound to accept any advice tendered to him by any of
his secretaries whereas in Indian Union, President is bound by the advice of
his ministers. He cannot do anything without the advice and also cannot do any
contrary thing. He cannot dismiss any minister or secretary without the advice
of Parliament.
Draft Constitution mentioned that Ministers under Indian
Union must be the members of Parliament. Ministers have the same rights as the
other members of Parliament. He can take part in debate and vote in its
proceedings. In this case, members of Parliament must satisfy two conditions.
One, it must be stable executive and second, it must be a responsible
executive. Of course, It may not be in the same degree. You can have the system
which gives you more stability but less responsibility or vice versa.
Therefore, In Parliamentary type of system, Government must resign the moment
it losses the confidence of majority of members in Parliament. Indian
Constitution preferred more responsibility to more stability.
This Constitution gives the safeguard to minorities. This
constitution says that it is wrong thing form the part of majorities to deny
the existence of minorities. It also says that it is equally wrong for minorities
to perpetuate themselves. For that solution must be found to resolve the issues
regarding the same. This constitution is definitely helping majority and
minority to merge someday into one.
The important point in this constitution is Fundamental
rights. These are absolute rights. These rights are being followed by the
Direct Principles. It is a novel feature in a Constitution framed for
Parliament Democracy. Such Direct Principles are just like the Instrument of
Instructions which is issued to Governors of the Indian states. It is true that these are no legal force
behind it but it has definitely binding force. It is providing machinery to the
Government to function.
This constitution has struck the balance between Central and
State government. It is definitely helping Central Government to become strong,
but Federal Structure of Indian Constitution prevent central to become strong. Indian
Constitution as a piece of mechanism lays down what is called Parliamentary
Democracy. In this case, Government shall be on the avail, both in daily
affairs and also at the end of a certain period when voters and electorate will
be given opportunities to assess the work done by the Government. The reason
for establishing the Political Democracy in our Constitution is to prevent
perpetual dictatorship of any particular body of people. At the time of
establishing the Political Democracy, our constitution gives some instructions
and lays down some policies for economic Democracy and also Social Democracy.
Indian Constitutions provides the protection of Fundamental
rights, it lays down policies regarding
the power of Government, Powers of Democratic Institutions, giving protection
of minorities and also to the rights of Schedule Cast and Schedule Tribes. This
constitution will provide only the organs of state such as Legislature,
Executive and the Judiciary. The factors on which the working of those organs
of state depends are the people and political parties they will set up their
instruments to carry out their wishes and their politics.
On 26th January 1950, India became democratic
country in the sense that India from that day is having its own government of
the people, for the people and by the people. For that purpose, it is the duty
of citizens of India to safeguard our constitution because there is danger of
democracy giving place to dictatorship. Therefore, people of India should not submit themselves
to charismatic authority which will lead to autocratic type of government.
Bhakti in religion may be road to salvation of soul but in politics, Bhakti or
hero worship is a sure road to degradation and to eventual dictatorship.
Thus, this constitution recognizes the social democracy which defines
liberty, equality and fraternity as principles of life.
We, the citizens of India, must preserve this constitution in
which ought to enshrine the principle of Government of the people, of the
people and by the people.
Mumbai
26/01/2021
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